ABSTRACT
Background: Solitary nodular goitre is clinically defined as a single nodule in otherwise normal thyroid gland. It can be benign or malignant. Solitary nodule has a higher risk of malignancy (15- 20%) when compared to multi-nodular goitre (3-5%). Aim: We conducted a study to evaluate the clinical and radiological factors associated with occurrence of malignancy in Solitary Nodular Goitre (SNG); to find out the incidence of SNG in this part of North Chennai; to analyze the correlation of preoperative cytological and postoperative histopathological results. Materials and methods: It was a prospective study on fifty patients who were clinically diagnosed as SNG. All patients were evaluated with an Ultrasonogram (USG) Thyroid and Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC). After surgery, the Histopathological Examination (HPE) reports were compared with the FNAC findings. Results: SNG was more common in the age group of 21-40 years. 86% of SNG patients were females. The incidence of malignancy in SNG this study was 12% which commonly involved males. Among the malignancies, papillary carcinoma was the most common and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis was found to be associated with it. The presence of microcalcifications and paratracheal nodes in USG were more in favour of malignancy. The FNAC report correlated well with the HPE reports, the accuracy of FNAC being 90% in this study. Conclusion: SNG has a high risk of malignancy, especially in males and the most common type being papillary carcinoma. FNAC is the gold standard pre-operative investigation that is well correlated with post operative HPE results
ABSTRACT
Background: After gastrointestinal surgery like anastomosis, patients are usually not allowed to take feed orally for five days. This is to prevent post operative nausea and vomiting and also to protect the anastomotic site allowing it to heal. Aim: This randomized control study sought to compare the outcome of early Enteral feeding versus delayed feeding after gastrointestinal surgery. Materials and methods: 60 patients were randomly selected and classified into two groups, early feeding group and late feeding group and following were noted; anastomotic leak, infection (wound, intra-abdominal abscess, pulmonary complication, sepsis), length of hospital stay. Results: The mean length of hospital stay was 9.3 vs 10.90. The difference was 1.6 days (P value: 0.129). Wound infection was 20% vs 26.7%. 6.7% had intra-abdominal abscess in the early feeding group which was statistically insignificant. There were two patients (6.7%) with sepsis in late feeding group (p= 0.150). There were no anastomotic leak and no deaths in the both the groups. Conclusion: The present study indicated that there was no significant difference between the two groups. Late feeding doesn’t confer any significant advantage. There was no advantage of dietary restriction. Hence we recommend that early post-operative feeding is safer
ABSTRACT
The binding affinities of some ligands towards the sialic acid-specific lectin carcinoscorpin, from hemolymph of the horseshoe crab Carcinoscorpius rotundacauda have been determined by protein fluorescence quenching in presence of ligands. Among the ligands studied, the disaccharide O-(N-acetylneuraminyl)-(2→6)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-Dgalactitol has the highest Ka(l.15 × 106 M–1) for carcinoscorpin. Studies on the effect of pH on Ka values of disaccharide suggests the possible involvement of amino acid residues having pKa values around 6.0 and 9.0 in the binding activity of carcinoscorpin. There were distinct changes in the accessibility of the fluorescent tryptophan residues of carcinoscorpin by ligand-binding as checked through potassium iodide quenching.